Open pit slope design To start the analysis, the algorithm require as inputs digital images representing the information of the soil stratigraphy (and material property variation if any), the phreatic surface and the initial slope geometry. Section 4. May 10, 2015 · The wall of an open pit wall will consist of a series of stacked benches. , faults or lithologic contacts), which have sufficient lengths to affect overall stability, or by more numerous, smaller structures such as joints, foliations, and bedding planes. But, the safety problems in mines are highly dynamic in nature and change abruptly. Nov 26, 2021 · Finally, irrespective of the size of the open-pit mine, because a planar slope is a particular case of a curved slope (obtained by setting the radius of curvature to infinity along the entire slope), there is a theoretical argument to suggest that adopting a planar slope is a suboptimal choice for most rock and soil types apart from the case of Jan 10, 2025 · Coal is a critical energy resource for global industries, and its extraction from open-pit mines requires effective slope stability management to ensure safe and efficient operations. Some efforts have been made to integrate geomechanical design into commercially available mine-design tools, such as the Stereonet Viewer and Terrain modules within Datamine (CAE 2010) and the Geotechnical Tools module within Vulcan (Maptek 2010). The objective of this study is to demonstrate a method to select the optimal overall slope angle of open-pit mines according Nov 19, 2022 · Guidelines For Open Pit Slope Design by Peter Stacey, 2009, CSIRO Publishing edition, in English Dec 1, 2024 · The resulting open pit slope design is used to inform the PSO if a further optimisation of the slope geometry is required. Because of the typically weak nature of the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. Jun 15, 2022 · Determine the stability of planar sliding wedges in your rock slopes. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on rock slope stability in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools that are Preface and acknowledgments Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. The Russian translation of the Guidelines was edited by Professor Makarov and published in 2015 [ 26 ]. Estimate the support capacity required for design acceptance criteria. The flat Jul 28, 2021 · Probability analysis of rock slopes has gained considerable attention in the design of open pit mines (e. There is no single way to design a pit - every Open Pit Slope Design 2009 - Free download as PDF File (. This results in a decision criterion based on probability of failure and factor of Safety with a risk assessment being carried out on the proposed design slopes. For these materials, the mass strength can be the primary control in the design of the pit slopes, although structures can also play an important role. RTIO (2009). pdf), Text File (. blast damaged rock masses such as would occur in a typical open pit mine slope (D = 1). 90 MPa, and σ Y = 5. Automate the computation of numerous wedges using Automate from Excel feature in RocPlane and design adequate bench widths and slope face cuts using bench design tools to reduce the risk of slope failure Jan 1, 2015 · At the time of open pit slope design, exposure of critical rock mass units is often limited, or unavailable. elements varies by geographic regions. But, pit slope as one of three Mar 1, 2010 · Figures shows: In order to keep the pit dry, There are 40 dewatering pumps around the Cortez pit pumping water out of the ground at a total rate of 30,000 gallons per minute. It often results in high productivity and requires large capital investments, low operating costs, and good safety conditions. The design approach recommended reverses the process The GCE's Fundamentals of Open Pit Slope Design online professional development course, based on the the Large Open Pit Project's Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design text, overviews the fundamental concepts and best practices for slope analysis and design throughout the life cycle of an open pit mine from project concept through closure Apr 1, 2001 · Slope configurations at Sandsloot open pit have evolved as more geotechnical data have become available and variations in slope design have been applied to accommodate kinematic failure mechanisms. The scale and confidence of the Nov 22, 2018 · The FoS of a pit slope is the fundamental engineering design index for an open pit mine. The overall pit slope angle is from crest to toe, and incorporates all ramps and benches. Open Pit Design; Key Open Pit Landmarks; Geometrical Components of a Slope; Manual Pit Design Methods; Toe + Ramp + Crest Design Method; Toe + Ramp Design Method; Contour Design Method; Manual Pit Design Commands; Automated Pit Design; Viewing Managed Data; Designing an open pit is an iterative process involving consideration of many design Nov 18, 2009 · Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. The IRA represents the toe-to-toe slope angle, as shown in the diagram below. 7 and the top of the open pit is free of any confining pressure (Fig. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools than to have higher stripping ratios. assurance to the level of economic risk inherent in slope design decision-making. Feb 13, 2024 · Design of open pit slopes is a decision-making process which aims to maximize ore recovery while minimizing the stripping ratio. Keywords: design, pit slope management, uncertainty, risk, assurance, approval 1 Introduction Open pit slope designs and slope management processes need approval and are increasingly subject to some form of assurance or formal review. Slope instability can have adverse effects on the overall profitability Open-pit slope engineering involves balancing economic imperatives and risk, where an optimum pit slope design seeks to safely steepen the pit slope angles to minimize the mining of waste, therefore maximizing ore recovery. Because of the typically weak nature of the • What types of slope failure can affect the pit? • What is the probability of occurrence of a certain type of pit slope failure? • What are the possible consequences of such pit slope failure? • Can the mine afford those consequences? Slope Design Criteria for Large Open Pits Case Study F. Provides comprehensive guidelines for slope design practitioners, written in an accessible style and extensively illustrated. In vi GuidelinesforOpen Pit Slope Design 2. Jan 1, 2009 · In the late 2000's, divergence occurred between rock slope design in civil and mining engineering applications with the development of guidelines for open pit slope design (Read and Stacey, 2009 This book, Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in Weak Rocks, is a companion to Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design, which was published in 2009 and dealt primarily with strong rocks. 2 Planningandscoping 26 2. Jan 9, 2016 · The document defines key mining terminology used in open pit mine design including: bench, bench height, bench slope, berm, overall pit slope angle, haul roads, angle of repose, subcrop/ore depth, pre-production stripping, ultimate pit limits, pit scheduling, stripping ratio, single working bench, shovel in working bench, two working benches, pit sequence, and section of pit sequence. 6 (Final Pit Slope Angles) discusses the fundamentals of slope stability with a number of design charts and is really a statement that the pit slope design determined using the software is primarily based on optimizing the waste:ore ratio and may need to be adjusted to account for geotechnical issues associated with the rock mass In open pit mining, major geologic structures (faults and shear zones) play a significant role in slope stability assessment and open pit design. At this scale, the rock slope stability is governed primarily by the geological discontinuities within the rock mass and as a result, structurally controlled failures (e. 6 Coreorientation 28 Introduction This course will teach what is needed to design slopes with easy-to-understand introductions and step-by-step procedures. The ACG, through its open pit geomechanics research projects, events and training products, seeks to equip industry with advanced May 9, 2022 · Slope instability of open-pit mines has adverse impacts on the overall mine profitability, safety and environment. [3]). Some important. Jul 1, 2006 · A workflow for open pit slope design that captures this 'risk reward' concept for a pit slope design and the risk appetite of a business was proposed by Terbrugge et al. This is generally referred to as a “managed” approach to slope design. 05 MPa, σ X = 6. Dec 5, 2015 · The stability of rock slopes in open-pit mine and quarry operations is extremely important from both economic and safety points of view because unstable slopes can result in the loss of human life Aug 1, 2024 · Large open pit slope design usually starts with the bench scale configuration (Obregon and Mitri, 2019). Jan 1, 2022 · The first example is a small open-pit with a relatively low slope angle and the second example is a medium size open-pit with a steeper slope angle. OPEN PIT SLOPE DESIGN EDITORS: JOHN READ, PETER STACEY Congreso Internacional de Energía y Recursos Minerales . and Stacey. A paper that summarizes the fundamentals of slope design as applied to open pits, based on the book Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design. Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in Weak Rocks is a companion to Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design, which was published in 2009 and dealt primarily with strong rocks. It should be noted that terminology related to the slope. Both books were commissioned under the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, which is sponsored by major mining companies. Drilling, blasting, excavation and dewatering activities mainly. Jan 6, 2023 · Through communication with open-pit slope designers, it is found that the initial design of open-pit slopes in China is still based on an empirical analogy method, and the final slope angle given is an interval, which is not accurate enough. Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. The major goal of this study was to provide a stable and optimal design for the ultimate slope of the Shadan Open Pit Mine using numerical modeling to calculate the minimum factor of safety equal to 1. Probability of Stability Design of Open Pit Slopes Richard D. A design reliability of 80% is generally accepted in open pit design, which means allowing 20% of all wedges actually to fail. Because of the typically weak nature of the Jan 9, 2025 · Modern open pit mines are under pressure to maximize resource extraction while minimizing costs and environmental impact, necessitating more advanced mine planning and design approaches to optimize bench geometry, pit slopes, and operational parameters (Chatterjee et al. Working bench Aug 1, 2024 · Large open pit slope design usually starts with the bench scale configuration (Obregon and Mitri, 2019). 3 Drill holelocationandcollarsurveying 27 2. DESIGN OF OPEN PIT SLOPES by Richard D. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on rock slope stability in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools that are Guidelines For Open Pit Slope Design ; Mark Hawley,John Feb 17, 2025 · In Guidelines for open pit slope design 221–236 (2009). Feb 25, 2015 · Table 2: Typical design acceptance c riteria for open pit slopes (based on Wess eloo & Read, 2009) Slope scale . height b. Our Mission The Large Open Pit (LOP) project is an international research and technology transfer project focused on the stability of large slopes associated with open pit mines. Some of the publications resulting from, and following on, from this project are as follows: Read, J. Bench face (North America) = batter (Australia). Factor of safety is very critical during the slope design phase, however, the execution of the design is as important as the design phase itself. Such failures can be controlled by major structures (e. P. 1 Introduction 26 2. , [1,2,3,4,5,6]). Apr 1, 2018 · pit slopes which are incorporated into the pit design by the mine planner based on the mining regulations, safety and economics. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. , probability of May 19, 2009 · The open-pit slope design method has evolved with the changes in technological and environmental constraints. As open pits get deeper Oct 1, 2020 · The bottom of the open pit is under the influence of confining stresses to the order of σ Z = 4. Geotechnical Assessment Report BS2-2009. Stacey (eds), pp 221-236 Figure-1: Pit Slope Geometry Parameters Open pit slope design methodology differs for each slope scale; however, the results at each scale must be combined to produce a coherent and complete set of design criteria for use by the mine engineer. This may range from one or two metres for small civil engineering blasts to many tens of metres for open pit mine production blasts. The slope ability process involves slope stability analysis for intact rock, rock masses, and also waste or spoiled material. Research currently being undertaken by Dec 1, 2020 · ABSTRACT. Their practical implementation is then illustrated by two case studies of open pit mines. Sep 27, 2010 · The document defines key mining terminology used in open pit mine design including: bench, bench height, bench slope, berm, overall pit slope angle, haul roads, angle of repose, subcrop/ore depth, pre-production stripping, ultimate pit limits, pit scheduling, stripping ratio, single working bench, shovel in working bench, two working benches, pit sequence, and section of pit sequence. With the open-pit slopes going higher and extreme rainfalls as a result of the climate change are more frequent; it is meaningful to consider the appropriate modifications of open-pit slope design methods. Geological Model Lithology Alteration Mineral zones Mar 13, 2012 · The document defines key mining terminology used in open pit mine design including: bench, bench height, bench slope, berm, overall pit slope angle, haul roads, angle of repose, subcrop/ore depth, pre-production stripping, ultimate pit limits, pit scheduling, stripping ratio, single working bench, shovel in working bench, two working benches, pit sequence, and section of pit sequence. The overall slope is defined as the full slope from the lowest planned toe to the highest crest Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. slope angle Types of Benches 1. It discusses the current open pit mining environment, the design process and its application, and the interface with other aspects of mine planning. It describes the fundamental parameters used in the assessment, the key elements that make up the hydrogeological model, and general water management in open pit mines, each of which is considered in the Hydrogeological and Geotechnical Modelling phases of the slope design process. ADVISORS Scott Cylwik Vice President, Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. various areas of open-pit mining, I have come to realize that there are three main areas of concern in our field related to open-pit min-ing: materials and design of mine haul roads, pit slope stability issues and geotechnical issues related to waste dump stability and protection. Bench parameters (geometry): a. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools Chapter Outlines. Read and P. Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design, J. 213–219. The results Guiding best practice. A slope design should meet Design Acceptance Criteria (DAC) for all three scales (Ryan et. This results in a decision criterion based on Probability of Failure and Factor of Safety with a risk assessment being carried out on the proposed design slopes. The main focus of the LOP is international research and technology transfer focusing on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. 11 a). Weak rocks encountered in open pit mines cover a wide variety of materials, with properties ranging between soil and rock. al, 2001). The case study presented, is used to illustrate the criteria and considerations of a large open pit design from an operational perspective. Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. 6 . stability of slopes in open pit mines. Open pit slopes terminology (modified from Wyllie and Mah 2004). 4 Corebarrels 27 2. In this report, the stability and design of large scale pit slopes in open pit mining is reviewed, with special reference to slopes in hard, jointed, rocks, similar to the rock types found at the Aitik mine. As the mine deepens, the open-pit walls become increasingly prone to slope failure, which causes human and economic losses. open pit slope design as used in the manual are given in. The slope of an open-pit mine is crucially influenced by the slope geometry, quality of rock mass and presence of geological features and their properties. Note that the blast damage only extends a limited distance into the slope. With our multidisciplinary approach to open pit mine slope design and management, we integrate geological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological considerations to develop innovative design based on sound practical approach. This paper reviews the Aug 24, 2024 · The stability of slopes in open-pit mines is a crucial prerequisite directly affecting the normal production of the mine 1,2. Nov 26, 2021 · From top to bottom: (1) OptimalSlope produces the optimal slope profile for the ultimate pit limit (UPL) of each sector of the pit; (2) the profiles are prescribed for each pit sector in the block Jun 30, 2013 · The idea was developed during dedicated geotechnical studies at a large open-pit lignite mine, where large slope movements (10–20 mm/day) were monitored and large fissures were observed in the phase in a research project aimed at developing design methods for large scale pit slopes. However, designing open pit slopes is a complex process Jan 12, 2022 · The analysis results point to a direct dependence of the slope stability on slope angle, slope height and rock mass strength of the lithological unit. Call Department of Mining and Geological Engineering University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona ABSTRACT Determining the maximum angle to which a pit slope can be mined requires information on the geometry and strength of the geologic structures, the magnitude and Jan 1, 2012 · This article reminds the principles of slope design in open pit mines, and presents techniques and tools available to address the successive stages of slope design. Jul 1, 2019 · The geotechnical slope design of an open pit wall starts at the bench scale configuration. width c. Read online or download for free from Z-Library the Book: Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in Weak Rocks, Author: Derek Martin (editor), Peter Stacey (editor), Publisher: CSIRO Publishing, ISBN: 9781486303472, Year: 2018, Language: English, Format: PDF, Filesize: 54. Jan 10, 2018 · Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in Weak Rocks is a companion to Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design, which was published in 2009 and dealt primarily with strong rocks. txt) or read online for free. based on the LOP Project’s Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design text, overviews the fundamental concepts and best practices for slope analysis and design throughout the life cycle of an open pit mine. 2016; Mahdi and Morteza 2014). The LOP's sponsors have comprised a diverse group of multinational mining companies, Dec 31, 2012 · Slopes in open pit mines must be considered as geotechnical structures. Apr 1, 2010 · A design module has been developed for integrating slope stability analysis into the data management, ore reserve and pit optimisation processes of an open pit mine. The developed slope stability analysis tools were successfully implemented along the full projected pit model of a surface mine in Canada. Open-pit Design Acceptance Jul 1, 2013 · Conventional methods for open-pit slope design are usually based on assumed failure mechanisms, such as planar, wedge, toppling and circular shear failure (see e. Sep 28, 2021 · To avoid over-tailing and limit the risk of failure in open-pit mines, choosing an ideal and stable slope is critical. Dec 15, 2016 · It’s at this phase that the open slope designs comes in. In order to help the practitioner deal with short comings in the investigation and design process, each chapter deliberately focuses on leading issues such as what data is required, how it should be processed and which analysis should be used. The purpose of the book is to link innovative mining geomechanics research with best practice. A decision to adopt a steeper pit wall slope often requires a higher degree of pore pressure reduction to achieve a design factor of safety. 19 illustrates the evolution of the stack configurations at Sandsloot open pit from two angled bench designs to a vertical double bench design. Design Implementation and Performance Monitoring Risk Management Open Pit Closure FUNDAMENTALS OF OPEN PIT SLOPE DESIGN A professional development course covering the fundamental concepts and best practices for geotechnical analysis and design of open pit mine slopes from project concept through closure. Open-pit slope engineering involves balancing economic imperatives and risk, where an optimum pit slope design seeks to safely steepen the pit slope angles to minimize the mining of waste, therefore maximizing ore recovery. (2006) and is illustrated Dec 5, 2015 · The stability of rock slopes in open-pit mine and quarry operations is extremely important from both economic and safety points of view because unstable slopes can result in the loss of human life Jun 8, 2010 · Elements Of Pit Slope Design What Is a Bench ? … a ledge that, in open-pit mines and quarries, forms a single level of operation above which minerals or waste materials are excavated from a contiguous bank or bench face …. Ash, R. 2009, Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design, CSIRO Publishing, Australia Nov 9, 2009 · Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. This section of the book outlines the framework used to assess the effect of water in slope stability. The accepted failure level determines the design bench angle. Developed and written by industry experts with extensive knowledge and experience in mine waste rock dumps, dragline spoils and stockpiles associated with large open pit mines. To choose suitable radii R for these two examples, we define as the “radius” of the open-pit slope the quantity a = max { L , H } and we employ the criterion established in Section 2. The course is thought for mining and geotechnical engineers (and geologists) who tackle the problem of designing slopes for the first time. But many failure mechanisms in large scale rock slopes are more complex and, for instance, they are often a combination of failure along pre-existing geological weakness www. Our first book Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design was released in 2009 and has changed the way the mining industry approaches open pit slope design. Therefore their design and implementation must be conducted with all consideration including technical, economical Dec 1, 2020 · Open-pit Design Acceptance Criteria (DAC) had been proposed and adopted by industry, and the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design, published in 2009, finally provided a consistent set of Geometrical Components of a Slope; Manual Pit Design Methods; Toe + Ramp + Crest Design Method; Toe + Ramp Design Method; Contour Design Method; Manual Pit Design Commands; Designing an open pit is an iterative process involving consideration of many design criteria, constraints and objectives. Not only is slope failure costly to manage, it might also be accompanied by loss of lives. The review of the Guidelines and its agreement/disagreement with the Russian approaches was given later on [27]. This project was funded by 12 mining companies and managed on behalf of the CSIRO in Australia by Dr John Read. A methodology that aims to solve this problem is the risk-based safety appraisal. Mar 12, 2024 · New Slope Stability Regulations for Pitwall and Dumps in Surface Mines was based on the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design by Reed and Stacey . A consistent message is required to be communicated at all stages and levels involving operators, operational engineers, designers and management. As such, they can provide a significant challenge for the slope designer. Although knowledge of geotechnical engineering and rock mechanics is advantageous, the course can be followed with profit The ‘Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design’ developed as part of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project was published in 2009. The research plan developed for the LOP Project focusses on three elements: preparation and publication of an authoritative new generation pit slope Design Guidelines book that clearly outlined for today’s practitioners what is the best approach to satisfy best practice at every stage of planning and operating an open pit mine; the effective Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. The unavoidable uncertainties involved in geotechnical design parameters has, however, attracted significant research in the use of reliability analysis of slope stability over the past few decades [7,8,9,10,11,12]. org Slope stability is critical for final wall in open pit mining operations. The publication Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design was produced in 2009 as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project managed by CSIRO and sponsored by major mining companies. The main topics that will be discussed in this chapter will include Slope instabilities in open pit mine present a significant design challenge in geotechnical engineering. Nov 9, 2009 · Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. In most cases, mining companies would prefer to choose a steeper excavation angle to achieve greater economic profits. 06 MPa such that the ratio of the maximum horizontal to the vertical in situ stress (k = σ X /σ Z) is 1. the Glossary. Slope design will typically meet a Design Acceptance Criteria (DAC), and the current practice of designing open pit slopes adopts the industry-wide accepted Guidelines of Open Pit Slope Design published in 2009. The major goal of this study was to provide a stable and optimal design for Sep 18, 2011 · In Read & Stacey (eds. 20 under various situations of the slope's geometric specifications. 4. Bench (North America) = berm (Australia). g. The design approach recommended reverses the for Pitwall and Dumps in Surface Mines [24] was based on the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design by Reed and Stacey [24]. The guidelines were focused on hard rocks in open pit mines so did not address design issues for pit slopes in materials generally classed as weak rocks. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology GUIDELINES FOR transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools that OPEN PIT SLOPE DESIGN are Weak rocks encountered in open pit mines cover a wide variety of materials, with properties ranging between soil and rock. Fig. Multiple geometrically admissible slopes are explored and their stability is assessed by using the computed stress-field and the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. Apr 19, 2024 · Best practice methods to optimize pit slope and wast e dump design, and operational techniques are now available and are being widely used for monitoring both open pit and natural slopes The geotechnical design of a pit wall slope (overall slope angles, bench widths, see Figure 8) is tied to an evaluation of the requirements for rock mass depressurization. Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Explotion (1990). For open-pit coal mines, if the Apr 1, 2022 · To avoid over-tailing and limit the risk of failure in open-pit mines, choosing an ideal and stable slope is critical. Commonly, however, open pits at the pre-feasibility, feasibility and development levels lack a structural fault model at an appropriate scale. 5 Downholesurveying 27 2. Li Mar 1, 2018 · Consequently, the optimization process of the pit-opener design was performed via stress analysis using a Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) tool through iterations with different configurations to Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology GUIDELINES FOR transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools that OPEN PIT SLOPE DESIGN are Dec 8, 2017 · Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in Weak Rocks is a companion to Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design, which was published in 2009 and dealt primarily with strong rocks. Information on rock mass conditions may be obtainable only from drill core, from which Feb 7, 2025 · The proposed open-pit mine design integrates geotechnical parameters such as rock mass rating (RMR) and slope mass rating (SMR) to achieve stability and optimize recovery rates. Nov 1, 2015 · Section 4. This study Sep 1, 2011 · A more complete representation of pit geometry should comprise the three main components of an open-pit slope design: overall slope angle, interramp angle, and bench face angle (Fig. The books in the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design Series were created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit Mine Slope Stability Project, an international research and technology transfer project on rock slope stability in open pit mines. International Symposium on Stability of Rock Slopes in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering Mr T D Sullivan Page 51 PIT SLOPE DESIGN AND RISK – A VIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART Mr T D Sullivan Pells Sullivan Meynink Pty Ltd and University of NSW ABSTRACT Risk lies at the heart of all mining and nowhere more so than in pit slope design. Call* Introduction In his paper, "Evaluating Calculated Risk in Geotech nical Engineering," Whitman (1984) points out the increased interest in probabiilty and risk assessment in civil engi neering during the last 18 years and discusses the following Since the introduction of the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in 2009 (Read & Stacey, 2009), pit slope design has evolved, in the following several key ways: 1. geokniga. The project is funded by mining companies, who represent a majority of the world's diamond and base At PSM we understand that successful open cut mining ultimately relies on the knowledge and management of geotechnical risks. Design of Blasting Round, Surface Mining, BA Kennedy Editor. software tools. A regular open-pit slope geometry is assumed, parameterised by the overall-slope and bench-face angles. 6 (Final Pit Slope Angles) discusses the fundamentals 2024 Fundamentals of Open Pit Slope Design This course, offered by the Geotechnical Center of Excellence and based on the LOP Project's Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design text, overviews the fundamental concepts and best practices for slope analysis and design throughout the life cycle of an open pit mine from project concept through closure. RMR values for the three sites—72 for Ela-wedizare, 72 for Dugub, and 69 for Lidge—categorize the rock mass as good quality, capable of supporting stable pit walls Jan 1, 2022 · Therefore, the method potentiality for open-pit slope design is investigated. 1. Jan 1, 2014 · Determination of acceptable slope angles for open-pit mines is a key aspect of the mine design, as it implies seeking the optimum balance between the additional economic benefits gained from having steeper slopes, and the additional risks resulting from the consequent reduced stability of the open-pit slopes [1]. Bench face angle is an important parameter varying for the structural geology of each slope (Read and Stacey, 2009). The slope design has the main objective to enable a safe and economic design for benches, ramps, inter-ramps, pit walls, and the overall slope scale. Dec 1, 2024 · Considering the obvious three-dimensional retaining effect of deep mining slope, the slope angle further increases by shortening the width of +526 horizontal plates based on two-dimensional slope shape optimization, and the coal recovery rate can be further improved while taking into account the slope stability. Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design comprises 14 chapters that directly follow the life of mine sequence from project commencement through to closure. Geotechnical engineers will normally provide the pit slope design criteria based on the inter-ramp angle (“IRA”) for various sectors around the pit. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools slope-height geometries and therefore reqmred _extr~polation for use in open-pit mining. Open pit slope design has conventionally been effected as a bottom-up function utilizing available geotechnical information. In 2 Bench-scale slope design criterion Open pit mine slopes are generally designed on three scales: overall, interramp, and bench-scale (Figure 2). Since slope (bench) height 1s o~e of the most important controls on the distance that a r~c~ will tr~vel when detached from the bench, we derived an empmcal relation ship between the slope height and the average, or preferred, Jan 10, 2018 · Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in Weak Rocks (Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design Series) - Kindle edition by Martin, Derek, Stacey, Peter. The design of slope angles is influenced by: Geologic structure; Rock strength; Hydrogeology; Ore distribution; Operational considerations; Generally, the most critical factor in slope stability is the orientation of geologic structure relative to the pit wall and the resulting maximum attainable bench-face angles and catch-bench widths. Open pit slope design has conventionally been effected as a bottom up function utilising available geotechnical information. A Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design book contains 14 chapters that follow the life of mine sequence from concept through to closure. Feb 17, 2021 · Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones deposits. Provider: ITASCA Objectives: The main focus of early years of the original LOP Project (2005 to 2014) was on preparation of the book Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design and delivery of research tasks that included Siromodel (also known as the OPS or Open Pit Simulator software), JointStats, Stepsim4, and the development We have produced four books to guide professionals in the investigation, design and construction of stable rock slopes in collaboration with our partners. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on rock slope stability in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design Open Pit Mining The trend of open pit operations mining to deeper levels has seen an increased stress environment and a greater uncertainty about the mechanical behaviour of slopes, elevating mine worker safety and productivity risks. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 1). planar, wedge or toppling) should be of concerned when aiming to guarantee a safe slope design [5]. ), Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design. L. The graphs make a useful design guide for slopes engineered in this type of rock mass. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on rock slope stability in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools that are Chapter 12 of the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design (CSIRO (1)) provides a comprehensive review of the principles and methodologies for assessing slope performance, reviews slope monitoring techniques, provides guidelines for establishing slope monitoring programs, and introduces the concept of ground control management plans. May 9, 2022 · The objective of this study is to demonstrate a method to select the optimal overall slope angle of open-pit mines according to three design parameters, namely, safety (e. It is an industry-sponsored and funded project that was initiated in 2005. However, a steeper pit is more desirable from an economic standpoint due to reduced overburden removal. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on rock slope stability in open pit mines, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools that are Fig. examples include the following. 19 MB In open-pit mining, a stable pit slopes design is essential for safe operation and economic performance of the mine. Pothitos, T. The Russian translation of the Guidelines was edited by Professor Makarov and published in 2015 [26]. lagstk fhfga nxkhi twkmbke jecrp nymy ftewy sdp kdpdnovw ldgyoe