Stc door rating chart. Sound Transmission Class (STC) Ratings.

Stc door rating chart Doors and materials in this low STC range wouldn’t be categorized as acoustic doors. 24 Page 1 of 7 Due to continual product research and development, details listed are subject to change at any time Nov 25, 2022 · Any of these factors, alone or in combination, can have an impact on the STC rating and performance of your window or door. Most of the time, an assembly’s OITC rating is lower than an STC rating. STC ratings are a logarithmic scale similar to the earthquake Richter Scale, which means each escalating number is significantly higher in performance These STC ratings represent common wall and door assemblies. 12 of the LABC. What's a good STC rating for a door? This one says; STC Rating- Sound Transmission Class (ASTM E 413): 28; OITC Rating- Outdoor-Indoor Transmission Class (ASTM E 1332): 26 Phone: 888-815-9691. Glass siz e and glazing system will a˜ect STC rating. The STC rating of a door measures its ability to block sound transmission and ranges from 25 to 70+. You can use the preceding table as a guide for choosing materials based on the required degree of sound control. STC provides noise ratings from mid-frequency to high-frequency sources, such as speech, radio, or television. STC 46-47 Pairs Seal Set 3 - Pemko. Table 716. Learn more. Calculate What You Need for the Improvements You Want. VT's sound-resistant STC doors are found in every application from airports, healthcare, and hospitality facilities, to government and municipal buildings, as well as educational institutions. . Understanding STC Rated Doors. Transmission loss in STC ratings tell you how well a wall, window, ceiling, door, etc. The table below displays the average window STC rating chart as well as some range of noise levels that are audible at that rating: The Environmental doors models tested achieved an STC rating of 30 to 35 with 35 being the highest. STC . STC ratings are pretty straightforward. Required STC Rating and Determination of Compliance Finally, based on project information entered the tool Jul 31, 2022 · Types of Doors and their STC Ratings. Email: info@commercial-acoustics. STC Rating Chart Determining STC Rating of Wall, Drywall, and Windows STC Rating of Drywall. Acoustical Doors section you will find the STC Door Chart. Type STC OITC: Birkdale Hollow Core: 25 22: Birkdale Solid Core: 32 29: Birkdale 20 min. The required door rating is based on the rating of the partition or barrier that the door is in. lwhomes. Jan 28, 2025 · Single-Pane Windows: STC rating of 25-30. The STC rating is the average amount of noise stopped at 18 different frequencies, measured in decibels. STC 33-41 Singles Seal Set 41 - Pemko. Learn more about the various Sound Transmission Class (STC) interior door options available through Lynden Door. Mar 22, 2022 · Six Things You Never Knew About STC Ratings. Address: 6301 N Florida Ave Tampa, FL 33604 So give them the ratings for the wall assembly you've chosen, the windows and doors. There is plenty of information out there at our fingertips, but it's important to get a full picture. VT Door Types . 5. For this reason, STC (Sound Transmission Class) ratings have become a primary consideration when choosing doors for large-scale projects. Laboratory and field tests to establish general approvals require an STC rating of 50 for walls and floors and an IIC rating of 50 for floors. Standard steel doors often have an STC rating in the 25-35 range. Calculating the required improvement involves subtracting the target STC rating from the existing STC Applies to Flush doors STC RATINGS FOR STANDARD SOLID CORE DOORS Acoustical testing on VT Industries high pressure decorative laminate (HPDL) and wood veneer flush doors with particleboard, stave lumber (SLC), structural composite lumber (SCL), and mineral cores have an STC rating of 33 to 34. Sliding Glass Door. I don't think I've ever dealt with an STC rating for a roof, that doesn't mean it's not a thing. 03. When this is checked, the standard door construction is being used but something being entered may affect the actual STC rating achieved. Simply put, the higher the decibel the higher the STC rating needed. Sep 17, 2018 · What we mean when we say STC-35, STC-45 and STC-52. STC Ratings AC STC Ratings National Guard Products (NGP) Hardware Used: Door Styles STC Rating Door Thickness Primary Seal Threshold Saddle Door Bottom A100 - A200 Square Sticking (SS) Flat panel (F) 32 1-3⁄4” Mar 30, 2023 · STC Rating Chart. stops sound. STC ratings allow to accurately compare noise reduction capabilities by using a single value for the acoustical performance of a door. E413-87 in an acoustica l wall. Insulation will noticeably improve the STC rating of an assembly. What about higher STC rated doors? There are manufacturers that make claims on single doors rating up to STC 56. 10 of the LABC) is to be used for acceptance of individual jobs only. On the VTonline Door Entry screen, the “STC Void” check box has been changed to “STC Unknown” and an STC button has been added. (sometimes you can add STC ratings, but for like components in sequence. In general, a barriers OITC rating is lower than its STC rating. Doors: Standard Wooden Doors: STC rating of 25-30. Dec 31, 2024 · When it comes to managing unwanted noise, soundproofing is an essential consideration for both residential and commercial spaces. ASE47P - Acoustical Steel STC 47 Jun 1, 2016 · I'm in the process of researching doors and I found one I like that includes an STC rating. Opening Wall Rating Door and Frame Rating . The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used to categorize acoustic performance. The second column is the rating of the operable door STC Rating Door Material Door Styles Door Thickness Primary Seal Secondary Seal Threshold Saddle Sweep; 39: MDF & Wood: 45- & 60-Minute Fire Door: 2-1⁄4" #475 #119 #564 See full list on bettersoundproofing. A sound reduction of 35 decibels is very high. How to Determine the STC Rating of Walls, Drywall, and Windows STC OITC Test Date Number Operating Style Series Numbers Tested Size OA Glass 1 Glass 2 Acoustical Ratings - Tuscany I V400 updated 09. Address: 6301 N Florida Ave Tampa, FL 33604 When planning your acoustics—especially in environments like conference rooms or medical facilities where sensitive information is discussed—knowing the STC ratings of different materials is crucial. STC is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings/floors, doors, and windows. At this level, you may be able to hear your loud talking cousin in the next room, but you can’t make out what they’re saying. Sound-dampening inter-layers reduce noise levels by up to 50%. Acoustic doors , designed for soundproofing purposes, usually have the highest STC ratings, ranging from 40 to 70+ . Door Stc Rating Chart. Door Material Jun 4, 2024 · STC Rating Chart. The STC rating goes all the way up to 65. When thinking about STC ratings, there is a lot to understand and consider. Products versus Spaces –Veneer plaster partitions achieve up to 63 STC in steel-framed resilient systems and up to 52 STC in wood-framed resilient systems –Have achieved 1- to 4-hr. Metal Door and Frame; No Fire Rating STC 45 Pair and STC 51 Single Galvanneal; Frame and Door Steel 16 ga Minimum Tested – additionally offered Stainless Steel 304 and 316; Astragal is not required in pairs for rating Acoustical Doors Built for silence Busy streets, disruptive machines, loud animals — you name it, we’ll silence it. Solution: Table 1 . 4. • For doors with glass kits, the STC rating decreases as the glass kit size increases –Use of laminated glass with an air pocket is recommended to help reduce the transmission of sound waves • Door openings rated up to STC 54 generally can be a standard 1¾” thick. A typical STC rating chart will often include an example of materials with a given STC rating, and the sounds you can expect to hear given the STC rating. In addition to minimizing sound transmission, these doors provide superior energy efficiency and enhanced protection from intrusion. Explore noise reducing windows and doors from Pella. Adding additional layers of drywall can improve the STC rating of an assembly. The second column is the rating of the operable door installed with hardware and For new construction or for components that will be newly installed in an existing wall, documentation also includes the manufacturer’s product specification sheet (cut sheet) documenting the STC rating of selected doors and windows. 800-782-5742 Talk to an expert! All of these ratings are for operable single swing doors with the sound control hardware specified on the right-hand side of the table. 1206. 22. AS54C - Acoustical Steel STC 54 with Compression Seal. About STC Ratings. Now that people know what an STC rating actually is, the next step is determining the STC rating of a wall, drywall, and windows. STC 33-38 Single Seal Set 38 - Pemko. Jun 16, 2023 · The materials you choose for your building’s exterior will affect how much noise enters your building from the outside. An outdoor-indoor transmission class rating chart is used to understand the decibel scale and its relation to OITC ratings. It goes without being said, that having the proper STC rating on your STC Rated Doors make a major difference in the effectiveness. AS55P - Acoustical Steel STC 55 with Pemko Seal. 5 A barrier’s OITC rating is measured using data gathered over an 80 to 4000 hertz frequency range. The first column is the rating of the door panel only; tested in a static inoperable condition to determine the sound transmission through the door. STC Rating Chart. Suite 100 Houston, TX 77090 Tel: 713-692-5222 Fax: 713-692-1391 E-mail: [email protected] Doors can be an important component when attempting to reduce the noise that is either entering or exiting a room or building. Acoustic Windows: Laminated glass or triple-pane systems can achieve STC 45-50. Doors come in various styles, sizes, and materials, and selecting the right one is vital in achieving the desired level of soundproofing performance. These ratings are determined for doors using two tests, both with and without acoustic putty sealing the door. Ideal for airport applications or any building in cities or near highways. Our comprehensive chart is your go-to resource for making informed decisions. • Door openings rated STC 55+ can only be achieved with doors that are 2 Jul 16, 2024 · Walls and floors are generally rated with their STC Rating. STC ratings are the ONLY way to accurately compare various noise reduction products. Use this STC rating chart as a rough guide to the different STC ratings for soundproofing materials: 25: There is no functional soundproofing, and quiet conversations can easily be overheard; 30: Quiet speech is muffled, but conversations at normal volumes are audible; 35: Loud speech is clearly audible A rating of 40 would likewise correlate with a volume reduction to approximately 1/16th of the original level (1/2)^4 = 1/16). No intumescent is allowed on the frame. These high-performance door systems offer Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings up to 66 for superior noise control. STC Ratings Scale. Some of those include construction sites, office rooms, libraries, exhibit halls, etc. STC is determined by a weighted average of TL values taken over 16 frequencies Feb 19, 2024 · Explore the STC rating chart for walls, glass, windows, doors, and materials. Dec 10, 2022 · Required Door Ratings Based on Partition Rating. The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-num ber rating system for interio r build ing partitions and viewin g windows used to catego rize acoustic performanc e. Any openings in the barrier (doors, windows, MEP, etc) that have a lower STC rating than the barrier itself, will lower the overall rating of the barrier. 6. How to Use SDI 118. Sound transmission tests are a good barometer of a door product’s resistance to the transmission of sound from one side of the door to the other. *OITC is estimate d base d on this test. The chart below illustrates door performance characteristics tested to AST M E90 and E413 standards. AS52C - Acoustical Steel STC 52 with Compression Seal. Fire Rating . As previously explained, this means they have been tested in a laboratory for their sound transmission loss. For example, the walls inside your house likely have an STC rating of 33. Measured by laboratory testing of the door per ASTM E-90, the results are reported as STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating, affirming Additional STC Models Door-In-A-Box Kits Available with Door, Frame, Hardware, Locking Device & Installation Hardware STC49 Wood Special order with extended lead times Door Kit Includes: • 1-3/4” Door slab • Split frame main & back frame with covers • Threshold • Compression seals • Cam lift hinges • Internal raceway STC ratings are used for windows, wall assemblies, doors and some constituent materials. A high STC rating is better than a low one. Sound transmission class (STC) ratings solve that problem by giving a single value to acoustical performance for a door. of . STCs (Sound Transmission Class) are measurements of a door’s ability to reduce the transmission of airborne noise. The level of confidence that such a test must comprise has to be of 95%. Sliding Glass Door SGD770 and Single Hung SH7700A. STC 42-49 Vert-Rod Pairs Seal Set 13 - Pemko. … Jan 10, 2025 · STC ratings carried out in a laboratory cannot take all other noise factors into account in real-life situations. Fire Rated: Acoustic Ratings - Interior Doors: Stile and Rail Interior Doors side of the door and frame system. The table below provides an overview, but the building code should be referenced due to the complexity involved in determining the rating of the partition and the type of opening allowed. The higher the STC rating, the less noise is passed through the material - in our case, the door opening. 0 /6 based on 7 customer reviews. I was designing practice rooms for a opera facility. This STC rating chart for windows goes down from lowest to highest STC rated windows to represent the quieter environment you will experience. Picture Window. Higher STC values represent better noise reduction. At the heart of evaluating soundproofing effectiveness lies the Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating, a standard used to measure how well a barrier reduces sound transmission. The STC rating is the sound Jan 1, 2020 · Referring to the typical STC 30 rating chart below, STC is determined by testing sound transmission decibel loss at 16 standard frequencies from 125 to 4000 Hertz (Hz). The STC ratings allow accurate 'apple to apple' comparisons. The test results are available upon request. This rating was determined by Intertek/Warnock Jan 28, 2025 · As applied to windows and patio doors, the STC measures (in decibels) how much sound is lost from one side of the window or patio door unit to the other. Drywall between double studs can dramatically reduce the STC rating of an assembly. ) versus the other side of a building’s surface. The higher the STC rating, the better the sound isolation. Once the data is collected, professionals calculate a barrier’s OITC rating in accordance with standards laid out by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 25-29 Normal conversation can be understood quite easily and distinctly. ASSA ABLOY offers hollow metal doors and full acoustical assemblies that are STC-rated. STEELCRAFT PRODUCTS. S. AS49P - Acoustical Steel STC 49 with Pemko Seal. ” Several STC ratings for interior doors are referenced within the standard, depending on the location of the learning space. STC is calculated by taking the Transmission Loss(TL) values tested at 16 standard frequencies over the range of 125 Hz to 4000 Hz. You can see in this chart from Acoustical Solutions that each STC number correlates to the volume of speech heard through a STC 32 Single Seal Set 32 - Pemko. But what does that really mean? A sound transmission class chart is a simple way to understand the decibel scale and its relation to STC ratings. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides information on housing policies, programs, and resources. Our Sound Rated Doors have STC (Sound Transmission Class) ratings from STC 26 to STC 70. STC 30 is the minimum requirement for all classroom doors, and music room doors require a minimum STC rating of 40. • Door openings rated STC 55+ can only be achieved with doors that are Mar 3, 2023 · Your STC rating is the result of your calculation. Select materials for sound absorption according to their STC ratings. Glass size and glazing system will affect STC rating. 24 Page 3 of 7 Due to continual product research and development, details listed are subject to change at any time Jul 2, 1997 · "Where UBC 7-2-1997 requirements for positive pressure must be met, doors shall include all requirements as part of the door construction per Category A guidelines as published by ITS/Warnock Hersey. 73 In stock. But what exactly is an STC rated door? What does an STC rating mean and what are the important factors to look for when buying STC Krieger’s industry-leading Cam Lift Hinge is included with higher STC-rated assemblies (doors with STC 45 or lower come with a standard or butt hinge). Acoustic products are given two STC ratings, one of which is a “sealed in place” rating, and the other is an “operable” rating. Is Complete Soundproofing Possible? Our STC rating chart above only goes to 50 because STC rated windows are in that range. This might seem a little difficult to do, but as long as a person has somewhat of an idea on how the ratings work, it is a The sound rating of a door is determined through standardized acoustic testing. Several STC ratings for interior doors are referenced within the standard, depending on the location of the learning space. Implementation of the appropriate rating system is important because OITC and STC ratings are not linearly related, and the achievement of a strong STC rating does not necessarily correlate with a similar OITC rating. It includes STC ratings for commonly used materials such as: STC Rating. Awning. STC 40-47 Embossed Singles Seal Set 6 - Pemko. 3 use 50 as the minimum STC rating for airborne and structural sound in multifamily homes. com. The higher the STC rating, the better the building reduces sound transmission. The higher the number, the higher the acoustic performance. AS52P - Acoustical Steel STC 52 with Pemko Seal. They did not want to hear from room to An STC rating is assigned to a window or door to designate its capacity to block sound. We carry STC Ratings anywhere from STC 26 all the way up to STC 70. STC stands for (Sound Transmission Class). French Door. 1. What Is a Good STC Rating? An excellent rating is an STC of 60 or Jul 11, 2022 · The Basics of STC Ratings. com TL measurements for a door are taken across a range of frequencies, which makes it difficult to compare the effectiveness of different doors. STC Standards For reference, most building codes throughout the US require an exterior wall to have an STC rating of 50, standard house walls and wooden doors have an STC rating of 33, windows range from 18 to 38, ile wh When deciding what STC rating you should specify; use the following chart to in light your decision: STC: STC: CONSTRUCTION: 18: Hollow-metal door: 22: Oct 18, 2023 · How to Read an OITC Rating Chart. STC 42 -49 Pairs Seal Set 4 - Pemko. An example of a window STC rating chart is as follows: 26-28 – single pane window; 26-32 – double pane window; 48-54 – soundproof window over a single pane window Sound Transmission Class (STC ) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. The line graph shows a sample of how the sound transmission loss testing of our Republic STC door and frame systems align with the various STC ratings established as a industry reference. The STC rating figure represents approximately the decibel reduction in noise that the assembly can provide. FSC* NAUF* Gasket Seal System : Maximum Door Size** Variations could affect the STC rating of the Designed with cutting-edge technology, Acoustical Openings by CURRIES provide premium sound control solutions for a wide range of applications, including government, military, healthcare, education, and performance spaces. STC Capability Chart. Rated 5. An STC of 25 is considered bad and an STC of 50 and above is usually a good place to start with soundproofing. Price: $ 154. construction team and the design team to take this into account for higher STC ratings. • For doors with glass kits, the STC rating decreases as the glass kit size increases – Use of laminated glass with an air pocket is recommended to help reduce the transmission of sound waves • Door openings rated up to STC 54 generally can be a standard 1¾” thick. Even if all other aspects of the door are set up properly, the intended sound reduction will not occur. In the USA, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings and floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations (see ASTM International Classification E413 and E90). STC & IIC Chart. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Window STC Rating Chart. The Thermiser Max® Insulated Rolling Door offers one of the highest-rated doors with an STC rating of 30, according to ASTM E90. Horizontal Roller. We have seen an STC 56 door, but it was a steel door that weighed around 800 pounds with a steel frame back filled with concrete - and also a $8,000 price tag. An STC rating measures how much noise is stopped by something. International Building Code (IBC) 1206. Acoustic Doors: Specialized doors with seals and mass-loaded cores can reach STC 50-55. Some of these manufacturers can deliver on this claim, but most cannot. But what exactly is an STC rating, and how does it […] Resilient channel can improve the STC rating of an assembly. A door is installed in a 4-hour fire wall and used as a separation between two adjoining buildings, and you need to verify what fire door rating is required. A higher sound transmission class rating indicates more effective sound insulation than a lower number. 2 and 1206. Sound Transmission Class (STC) Ratings. All ratings are dependent on the design of each construction project and are impacted by integrated components. fire-resistance ratings for veneer and conventional systems –Can minimize or eliminate irregularities such as ridging, boarding and nail pops associated with standard drywall STC Rating Chart For Windows. Similarly, the materials you install inside your building will affect the transmission of interior sounds as well. french door ( outswing ) ( 4 9/16" wall ) 3645 6068 7/8" french door ( inswing ) ( 4 9/16" wall ) 3642 04/03/09 TL09-335 31 27 04/03/09 TL09-335 Acoustical Ratings - Ultra I C650 updated 04. A wall may have a high STC rating, but if you have hollow doors or cracks between your windows and the wall, the noise will penetrate. eNoise Control offers high STC Rated Doors for a wide range of applications. Casement. It should be noted that STC ratings obtained in a lab may be different than those achieved in real-world applications. 4 Hour 3 Hour (180 Minutes) Oct 10, 2024 · STC RATING CHART: STC: What can be heard at this level: 25: Soft speech can heard and understood: 30: Normal speech can heard and understood: 35: Loud speech can heard and understood: 40: Loud speech can heard, but not understood: 45: The threshold at which privacy begins: 50: Loud sound can be heard, but are very faint: 60+ At this level, good It’s important to note that the STC rating scale is a logarithmic progression where an increase of 3 points doubles the level of sound transmission reduction. Mecart’s standard acoustic products are labelled STC-35, STC-45 and STC-52. Specifying a door with an STC rating in the 40s is adequate in most situations, but in settings where sound control is critical, such as an office where confidential meetings are held, doors above STC 45 may be needed. Solid Core Doors: STC 35-45. Only smoke gasketing applied around the perimeter of the frame to meet the “S” rating is permissible. The chart below indicates the STC rating of specially made acoustic doors using various applications of gasketing. shows the door and frame must bear a 3-hour fire label. A four-point STC improvement can cause a clearly perceptible change in your home’s acoustics, while a 10-point improvement can reduce sound by 50 percent. An STC rating is an instrument measurement of how much noise is stopped. What is STC? STC ratings measure sound level on one side of a building’s surface (wall, ceiling, window, etc. Therma-Tru STC-rated Noise Reduction doors deliver aesthetics with a commercial level of performance for residential projects. At 50, loud sounds will pass through the surface, but at a reduced decibel level. STC 46-47 Vert-Rod Pairs Seal Dec 7, 2023 · Through acoustic testing, you’ve determined an assembly has an STC rating of 50. com 20 / PRODUCT STYLES Single Hung. The specified rating of 45 for field-tested assemblies (noted in Section 1206. STC primarily measures airborne sound; however, structure borne sounds are also measured in the low frequencies below 300 Hz. Double-Pane Windows: STC 35-40. All STC Rated Door designs are testing in an NVLAP accredited Aero-Acoustic Laboratory. Style: understanding sound ratings trustile doors; understanding stc and E413-87 in an acoustical wall. SDI 118. STC sound rating was introduced in 1961 as the method of comparing various wall, ceiling, floor, door and window assemblies. Photo features Lee Wetherington Homes. STC ratings are used for windows, doors, walls and most building materials. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, such as demountable walls and/or glass walls, ceilings/floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Several door types meet this STC credit requirement, for additional LEED credit assistance reference our Windows and doors can help block outside noises whether you live in the city or on a farm. Learn why STC ratings matter for soundproofing. Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. Frequency (Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 Dec 6, 2024 · What Does an STC Rating of 50 Mean? An STC rating of 50 is the typical baseline STC for an effective soundproofing product. There are many different opinions on what constitutes a ‘good’ vs ‘very good’ rating, as the definitions May 18, 2023 · Sound Transmission Class ratings, commonly referred to as an STC rating, is an integer rating that details how well a building partition reduces airborne sound waves. See the following Steelcraft products The U. Galvanneal STC Levels Achieved STC 51 Single, STC 45 Pair, STC 37 Single, and STC 34 Pair; Fire Rating STC 37 Single 1 1/2 hr. A higher sound transmission class rating indicates more effective sound insulation than a lower rating. The unique design of the Cam Lift Hinge offers enhanced radial strength, longer lasting performance, and easy maintenance. STC: What can be heard at this level: 25: A high STC rating wall can be rendered ineffective by a hollow core door, or a single pane window. STC ratings are calculated by a weighted average of Transmission Loss (TL: a door’s ability to reduce noise) values taken over 16 frequencies, which are fitted to a curve in a method defined by the ASTM E413 Classification Standard for Rating Sound Insulation. For windows, STC ratings range from 18 to 38. Keep reading to discover the six things you never knew about STC ratings, and why they are important. Several door types meet this STC credit requirement, for additional LEED credit assistance reference our Oct 13, 2021 · 1910 Cypress Station Dr. Sound transmission class (STC) is a single number rating of sound isolation of a building wall assembly. STC 33-41 Singles Seal Set 1 - Pemko. AS66C - Acoustical Steel STC 66 with Compression Seal. Go above and beyond the natural beauty and draw of wood doors by adding an acoustical element. 11. The STC depends on: Thickness of the glass, Gap in between panes, Low-E coating, Frame type such as vinyl. The chart below indicates the STC rating of specially made acoustic doors using various applications of gasketing. There are a variety of use cases where STC rated doors, or soundproof doors would be useful. Phone: 888-815-9691. *OITC is estimated based on this test. Jun 15, 2024 · Solid wood doors typically have an STC rating between 30 and 35, while standard steel doors often have an STC rating in the 25-35 range. quui euwrb cuw vfrpl rkigby asp ihvjzcx lcklpj ylcpua ydeoa gqjnv xzbey ivmyk cyzo rerokf