Sqlglot examples. parse_one ("SELECT a FROM (SELECT x.

Sqlglot examples TABLE1. 13 14 Example: 15 >>> import sqlglot 16 >>> sql = "SELECT x. def expand_multi_table_selects (expression): View Source. The answer is from the column INNER_COL1 from the table S1. a AND TRUE JOIN y ON y Edit on GitHub sqlglot. For example: Here is an example for mutating a subset of the expressions in the query to be SHOUTING UPPERCASE: from sqloxide import parse_sql, mutate_expressions sql = "SELECT something from somewhere where something = 1 and something_else = 2" def func (x): test_sqlglot - testing sqlglot, query -> AST; Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. optimizer. For example, consider this query: CREATE VIEW `my-proj-2`. trim_selects: Whether or not to clean up SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. But I assume optimization will not always be able to do so, and some more complex examples might, even after optimization, still have edge cases like the one above. 7 8 Example: 9 >>> import sqlglot 10 >>> sql = "WITH y AS (SELECT a FROM x) SELECT a FROM z" 11 >>> expression = sqlglot. 3. Can I lowercase SQL keywords? Isn't it possible for now? Beta Was this translation helpful? TYPE_CHECKING: 12 from sqlglot. mysql import MySQL 16 from sqlglot I ran a nodejs lib on the short query in my benchmarks and SQLGlot was 2x faster. The long query errored out in the javascript library. import sqlglot Optional [str]: 12 """ 13 Converts a time string given a mapping. Dialect-independent query transformation. If you're interested, I'll be happy to send you a PR. parse_one extracted from open source projects. User-provided SQL is interpolated into these dialect-agnostic SQL statements 3. a")). Most dialects provide a function to do this, a sample of which is shown below: For example, what documentation could I look at to know that code like below (from here) will find the names of table within the joins? How would I know to request "joins" from node. For example, device_id IN (15, 85, 65) OR device_model in ('MAX', 'SHARP', 'AD') I have these extra conditions which I want to apply to the query. sqltree is an experimental parser for SQL, providing a syntax tree for SQL queries. parse_one ("SELECT a FROM (SELECT x. The executed results Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand; OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams; OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the company Over the years, it looks like AWS has taken various execution engines, bolted on AWS-specific modifications and then built the Athena service around them. dnf: Whether to check if the expression is in Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF). It can be used to format SQL or translate between 19 different dialects like DuckDB , Presto , Spark , Snowflake , and BigQuery PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import logging 4 import typing as t 5 from collections import defaultdict 6 7 from sqlglot import exp 8 from sqlglot. 21 def normalize_identifiers (expression, dialect = None): 22 """ 23 Normalize identifiers by converting them to either lower or upper case, 24 ensuring the semantics are preserved in each case (e. errors import ErrorLevel, UnsupportedError, concat_messages 11 from sqlglot. helper import find_new_name 5 from sqlglot. 29 30 Example: 31 >>> import sqlglot 32 >>> schema = {"tbl": {"col": "INT"}} 33 >>> expression = sqlglot. dialect: The dialect of input SQL. See more Our aim here is to understand various use cases of SQL parsing (outside of database engine) and explore how SQLGlot can help. sources: A mapping of queries which will be used to continue building lineage. It was important that people Returns a list because a generator could result in 504 incomplete properties which is confusing. sql() 35 'SELECT tbl. com/sqlglot. Contribute to tobymao/sqlglot development by creating an account on GitHub. 15 16 Example: 17 >>> from sqlglot import parse_one 18 >>> optimize_joins(parse_one("SELECT * FROM x CROSS JOIN y JOIN z ON x. This also merges CTEs if they are selected from only once. JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot. 11 12 This assumes `qualify_columns` as already run. parse_one 1 from enum import auto 2 3 from sqlglot. Using printSchema() is particularly important when working with large datasets or complex data transformations, as it allows you to quickly verify the schema after performing operations like reading data from a source, applying transformations, or joining multiple DataFrames. <lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser. Each token contains information such as its type (token_type), the lexeme (text) it encapsulates and other sqlglot. Arguments: expression: expression to optimize schema: database schema. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 24 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / This module contains the implementation of all supported Expression types. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. expressions as exp sql = """ SELECT rc. It performs a variety of techniques to create a new canonical AST. sqlglot can't disambiguate columns in this query without knowing the schema: unqualified = """ SELECT a, b, FROM physical_table JOIN (SELECT * FROM physical_table2) AS derived_table """ SQLGlot can rewrite queries into an "optimized" form. 1 # ruff: noqa: F401 2 3 from sqlglot. structure analysis: IDE leverages this a lot. Example: >>> import sqlglot >>> expression = sqlglot. {db: {table: {col: type}}} 3. Create the following python script to check translation of datafunctions from duckdb to hive. hive import Hive 16 from sqlglot. 1 from sqlglot import exp 2 from sqlglot. We came up with a solution. import sqlglot sqlglot. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers. Bar') 13 >>> lower Edit on GitHub sqlglot. Initially, I was using sqlparse to extract the dependencies from the SQL statements, but it required me to create an increasingly hacky recursive function. Let’s connect on LinkedIn or Twitter. 145 146 Returns: 147 Edit on GitHub sqlglot. I have found that there is normalize and normalize_functions options in sqlglot. If you want to run my examples, please don’t forget to run the line of code below. py module we have internal SQL queries for generating plots. a AS a FROM (SELECT x. Fetch the zones example data with the geometry column. Perform a split on a value and return N words as a result with None used for words that don't exist. sql: The SQL string or expression. Currently the only exception is when caching DataFrames which isn't supported in other dialects. expand_stars: Whether to expand star queries. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 23 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / Databricks, Snowflake, and BigQuery. python API documentation generator Edit on GitHub sqlglot. sql() 12 'SELECT * FROM x CROSS JOIN y' 13 """ 14 for from_ in expression. All there are not possible without AST. from sqlglot import parse_one python; sqlglot; Yakovets_Victoria Example query: SELECT * FROM table WHERE parameter is {{parameter}} It's throwing a sqlglot. 0 wraps up “the big refactor”, completing the transition from SQLAlchemy to SQLGlot and drastically simplifying the codebase. get_query_columns("SELECT test, id FROM foo, bar") [u'test', u'id'] >>> 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp, transforms 6 from sqlglot. helper import name_sequence 8 from sqlglot. <lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 6 from sqlglot. scope import build_scope, find_in_scope 4 from sqlglot. Schema or a mapping in one of the following forms: 1. tsql View Source. parse_one(sql) 12 >>> eliminate_ctes(expression). normalize import normalized 3 from sqlglot. optimizer import optimize print( optimize( sqlglot. SELECT * FROM table( dfs . 0: 390 391 spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2)); 392 23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support 393 char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. dialect import (6 Dialect, 7 NormalizationStrategy, 8 arg_max_or_min_no_count, 9 build_date_delta, 10 build_formatted_time, 11 inline_array_sql, 12 json_extract_segments, 13 Example: SELECT a, b, c FROM some_table. helper import apply_index_offset, csv, For example, the query I provided at the beginning of this section can have the following AST representation: Figure 1: Abstract Syntax Tree derived from a SQL query. For SQL parsing we use a fork of SQLGlot. a = z. User-provided SQL is interpolated into these dialect-agnostic SQL statements Contribute to tobymao/sqlglot development by creating an account on GitHub. Below examples are directly from their documentation. 21 trie: optional trie, can be passed in for performance. format` = `yyyy-MM-dd`}) properties {`drill 🤘 It's time for MDS Chat with Matt!This week, I'm talking about SQLGlot— an open-source library from Toby Mao at Tobiko Data. 9 10 Convert scalar subqueries into cross joins. args? What does "this" refer to? node = sqlglot. Strings used as pre/post-statements or return values in Python-based models will be parsed into SQLGlot expressions, which means that SQLMesh will still be able to understand them semantically and thus provide information such as column-level lineage. SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. duckdb View Source. For example, to find all nodes that correspond to the order\_id field in the previous AST, you can use the following code: nodes In my use case, I often want to use this as a template, but make small chanegs to the arguments (quoted, table, this). This is an experimental feature that is not part of any of the SQL standards but it can be useful when needing to annotate what a selected field is supposed to be. generator View Source. parse_one(sql) 18 >>> expand_laterals(expression). In this article, we discuss how to use SQLglot to trace execution lineage and gain insights into query execution. scope import build_scope 6 7 8 def eliminate_subqueries (expression): 9 """ 10 Rewrite derived tables as CTES, deduplicating if possible. snowflake View Source. name, i. 12 13 Example: 14 >>> import sqlglot 15 >>> sql = "SELECT x. If SQLGlot didn’t recognize a column that we knew existed, we ran the lineage parsing again without SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. I'm able to get the list of column names from insert, but wandering how to attach or change aliases in related select query to match the insert column names. a + 1 AS b, x. parse_one(sql) 26 >>> pushdown_projections FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser. a + 1 + 1 AS c FROM x' 20 21 7 def eliminate_joins (expression): 8 """ 9 Remove unused joins from an expression. db: Default database name for tables. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 24 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / Databricks, Snowflake, and BigQuery. 2. <lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser. 4. time import Expression: 27 """ 28 Rewrite sqlglot AST to have fully qualified columns. 137 138 Example: 139 >>> import sqlglot 140 >>> sqlglot. This AST can be used to standardize queries or provide the foundations for implementing an actual engine. Expression. helper import first, merge_ranges, while_changing SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. dialect import DialectType 13 14 15 try: 16 from sqlglotrs import (# type: ignore 17 Tokenizer as RsTokenizer, 18 TokenizerDialectSettings as RsTokenizerDialectSettings, 19 TokenizerSettings as RsTokenizerSettings, 20 TokenTypeSettings as RsTokenTypeSettings, 21) 385 SUMMARIZE = auto 386 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import math 4 import typing as t 5 6 from sqlglot import alias, exp 7 from sqlglot. and using sqlglot), then run my bigquery-sql dbt transforms against duckdb then if that works, run it against pre-prod bigguery via github actions . 8 9 Example: 10 >>> from sqlglot import parse_one 11 >>> expand_multi_table_selects(parse_one("SELECT * FROM x, y")). In this post, we will explore an approach to building a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) from Common Table SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. a FROM x CROSS JOIN y' 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 6 from sqlglot. , b) and operators (e. we check if it's in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). a AND y. After executing the command above, you should see two URLs on the console: Network URL; External URL; If using CodexDB on your local machine, open the first URL on your Web browser. Contribute to web-logs2/sqlglot-10 development by creating an account on GitHub. fill_from_start: Indicates that if None values should be inserted at the start or end of the list. ingredient FROM recipeCooked rc INNER JOIN recipe r ON r. . normalize: whether to normalize identifiers according to the dialect of interest. a FROM x LEFT JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT y. dateCooked, r. How does it compare to other tools? The implementation discussed in this post is now a part of the SQLGlot library. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import logging 4 import re 5 import typing as t 6 7 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 8 from sqlglot. b AS b FROM x) AS y" 25 >>> expression = sqlglot. PATCH, SQLGlot uses the following versioning strategy: 1. 25 """ 26 if not string: 27 return Pyparsing is a good tool for this, with lots of examples of parsing sql around. helper import name_sequence 3 from sqlglot. There are 3 ways to traverse an AST: args - use this when you know the Imagine having a tool that can dissect queries and fish out the goodies — the columns, aliases, and tables from your query. 27 28 Examples: 29 >>> import sqlglot 30 >>> expression = sqlglot. Reload to refresh your session. I want to get source tables and their columns from update statement by using sqlglot. Arguments: expression: Expression to qualify. The implementation discussed in this post is now a part of the SQLGlot library. sql(pretty=True) to your final DataFrame command to return a list of sql statements to run that command. For example: Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. eliminate_joins import join_condition 9 10 11 class Plan: 12 the expression's tables and subqueries must be aliased for this method to work. dataframe. simplify import simplify 5 6 7 def pushdown_predicates (expression, dialect = None): 8 """ 9 Rewrite sqlglot AST to pushdown predicates in FROMS and JOINS 10 11 Example: 12 SQLGlot supports annotations in the sql expression. Additionally, it exposes a number of helper functions, which are mainly used to programmatically build SQL With SQLGlot, you can take a SQL query targeting a warehouse such as Snowflake and seamlessly run it in CI on mock Python data. 505 506 Examples: 507 >>> import sqlglot 508 >>> expression = sqlglot. Introduction. scope import Scope, traverse_scope 15 from sqlglot. 2 There are other examples as well. import sqlglot as Examples Examples Introduction DuckDB DuckDB Deduplicate 50k rows historical persons Linking financial transactions Linking two tables of persons Transpilation using sqlglot Transpilation using sqlglot Table of contents 1. It's easy to mock data and create arbitrary UDFs SQLGlot parses SQL statements into an abstract syntax tree (AST) where nodes are instances of sqlglot. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"docs":{"items":[{"name":"sqlglot","path":"docs/sqlglot","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"CNAME","path":"docs SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. Returns: A pair (value, subtrie), where subtrie is the sub-trie we get at the point where the search stops, and value is a TrieResult value that can be one of:. 9 10 Example: 11 >>> import sqlglot 12 >>> expression = sqlglot. I had a task that involved building a dependency graph by statically analyzing the relationship of MySQL views. dialects. 21 22 Example: 23 >>> import sqlglot 24 >>> sql = "SELECT y. Edit on GitHub sqlglot. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 NormalizationStrategy, 9 build_formatted_time, 10 no_ilike_sql, 11 rename_func, 12 to_number_with_nls_param, 13 trim_sql, 14) 15 from sqlglot. <lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser. b" 16 >>> expression = sqlglot. Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. False means a / b is always float division. sqlglot does not propagate token information for expressions and has no roadmap to do so, which means that we lose formatting of SQL queries when migrating their code to UC. The choice of SQLglot was an For example: Lets say I want to find the source table for the 'COL1' at the final select. clickhouse View Source. sqlglot is a Python package that serves as a comprehensive SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. SQL is very prevalent, but there are many dialects that are slightly different from one another. It’s pure Python, supports 20 different SQL dialects, and has nice APIs for traversing the AST. a AS a, x. col AS col FROM tbl' 36 37 Args: 38 expression: Expression to qualify Join constructs such as 26 (t1 JOIN t2) AS t will be expanded into (SELECT * FROM t1 AS t1, t2 AS t2) AS t. <lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT SQLGlot is a no dependency Python SQL parser, transpiler, and optimizer. : from_numpy: Return the equivalent ibis schema. PREFIX: value is a prefix of a keyword in trie; TrieResult. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import functools 4 import typing as t 5 6 from sqlglot import exp 7 from sqlglot. {catalog: {db: {table: {col: type}}}} If no schema is provided then the default schema defined at 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp 6 from sqlglot. This is straightforward in the above example, but in more complex examples, I find it difficult to know exactly what this syntax should be (and I don't think there's an automatic way of going from the tree to the equivalent code to create it). TrieResult. schema: Schema to infer column names and types. PyPI All Packages. helper import AutoName 4 5 6 class TokenType (AutoName): 7 L_PAREN = auto 8 R_PAREN = auto 9 L_BRACKET = auto 10 R_BRACKET = auto 11 L_BRACE = auto 12 R_BRACE = auto 13 COMMA = auto 14 DOT = auto 15 DASH = auto 16 PLUS = auto 17 COLON = auto 18 DCOLON = auto 19 DQMARK = auto 20 SEMICOLON = I want to achieve the following sql query conversion using sqlglot select * from table where date > abc. scope import Scope, build_scope 2 3 4 def eliminate_ctes (expression): 5 """ 6 Remove unused CTEs from an expression. Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. <lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser. find(exp. 14 15 Examples: 16 >>> format_time("%Y", {"%Y": "YYYY"}) 17 'YYYY' 18 19 Args: 20 mapping: dictionary of time format to target time format. dialect import (10 Dialect, 11 NormalizationStrategy, 12 any_value_to_max_sql, 13 date_delta_sql, 14 datestrtodate_sql, sql-metadata is a Python library that uses a tokenized query returned by python-sqlparse and generates query metadata. We dealt with SQLGlot's problem of not handling columns that didn’t exist in the SQL expression. SQLGlot can rewrite queries into an "optimized" form. For example, you may have a query that you want to run in both Presto and Spark, but they have different data types and UDF names / signatures. The above example demonstrates how certain parts of the base `Dialect` class can be overridden to match a different. dialect import (7 approx_count_distinct_sql, 8 arrow_json_extract_sql, 9 build_timestamp_trunc, 10 rename_func, 11 unit_to_str, 12 inline_array_sql, 13 property_sql, 14) 15 from sqlglot. column: the target column. b = y. min_num_words: The minimum number of words that are going to be in the result. It is designed to read a wide variety of SQL inputs and output syntactically and semantically correct SQL in the targeted dialects. pip3 install "sqlglot[rs]" Then, in our Python code, we should import the library before use. parse_one(""" SELECT A OR (B You signed in with another tab or window. TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot. dialect import 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 6 from sqlglot. parser View Source. sql() 19 'SELECT x. 22 23 Returns: 24 The converted time string. This is a big step toward stabilized internals and allows us to more easily add new features and backends going forward. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase Learn more about sqlglot: package health score, popularity, security, maintenance, versions and more. Default: False, i. 11 12 Example: 13 >>> import sqlglot 14 >>> expression = sqlglot. The choice of SQLglot was an obvious one due to its simple but powerful API, lack of external dependencies and, more importantly, extensive list of supported SQL dialects. 12 def optimize_joins (expression): 13 """ 14 Removes cross joins if possible and reorder joins based on predicate dependencies. We occasionally want to run a simplified query to check for runtime errors or data types. Examples \n. It can theoretically be used to trace back SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. SQLGlot’s main purpose is to parse an input SQL query written in any of the 19 (at the time of writing) supported dialects and produce a tree-like data structure like the one above. It can be used to format SQL or translate between different dialects like Presto, Spark, and Hive. sqltree is designed to be flexible enough to parse the full syntax supported by different databases, but I am prioritizing constructs used in my use cases for the parser. → Data health monitoring / data observability: Analysing database SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. Returns: The normalization distance. So far, that has meant a focus on parsing MySQL 8 queries. Part 2: Creating ER Diagram from SQL Query Part 3: SQL-to-Diagram with DDL Part 4: Query Interpretation, understanding complex SQL. See example noise from linter verification. To do this we start with a target query and remove expensive operators (such One could also define this model by simply returning a string that contained the SQL query of the SQL-based example. tmp . Here is a full example of running the Docker image with initialization SQL commands: Transpilation using sqlglot Transpilation using sqlglot Table of contents 1. parse_one('SELECT Bar. bigquery View Source. They are defined in a . errors SQLglot is a fantastic tool for exploring SQL Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) across various dialects. Ex: sqlglot. sql() 141 'SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1' 142 143 Args: 144 expression: the expression that will be transformed. Easily translate from one dialect to another. For example, this is how to correctly parse a SQL query written in Spark SQL: <code>parse_one(sql, dialect="spark")</code> (alternatively: <code>read="spark You can use my library SQLGlot to parse your SQL and extract out the information. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 20 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / Databricks, Snowflake, and BigQuery. Add sqlglot. Even though it is a fairly realistic starting point, we strongly encourage the reader to study existing the portable Python dataframe library. Table). dialect import (8 Dialect, 9 JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE, 10 NormalizationStrategy, 11 approx_count_distinct_sql, 12 SQLGlot bridges all the different variations, called "dialects", with an extensible. Which Components Form an End-to-End Data Stack? The Tokenizer scans the query and converts groups of symbols (or lexemes), such as words (e. helper import seq_get 16 1 from sqlglot import exp 2 from sqlglot. In most cases a single SQL statement is returned. parse_one("SELECT a FROM (SELECT a FROM x) AS y") logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)> TRAVERSABLES = Get the sqlglot. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import datetime 4 import re 5 import typing as t 6 from functools import partial, reduce 7 8 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 9 from sqlglot. from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot. 26 27 This transformation reflects how identifiers would be resolved by the engine corresponding 28 to each The example I gave originally was that a user might want to access other sheets in an excel file, but users can also use the table() function to provide a schema. While SQLGlot’s documentation is extremely thorough, we want to share a few practical examples of how we use SQLGlot in our codebase. 10 11 This only removes joins when we know that the join condition doesn't produce duplicate rows. FAILED: the search was unsuccessful; TrieResult. e. schema: The schema of tables. In the above example, optimization removes the subquery, so the renaming is actually not hard afterwards. Please use string type 394 directly to avoid confusion. You can rate examples to help us improve the quality of examples. Default: 2. SQLMesh is a data modeling framework that uses SQL and SQLGlot, a robust SQL transpiler, Arguments: expression: The expression to compute the normalization distance for. dialect import (7 Dialect, 8 NormalizationStrategy, 9 binary_from_function, 10 build_default_decimal_type, 11 build_timestamp_from_parts, 12 date_delta_sql, 13 Edit on GitHub sqlglot. In the evolving landscape of data management and analysis, SQLGlot emerges as a revolutionary Python library, tailored for the efficient parsing and compiling of SQL. Even though it is a fairly realistic starting point, we strongly encourage the reader to study existing dialect implementations in order to understand how their various components can be modified, depending on the use-case. Basically this is to analyze the code structure. For all my examples in this article, I will use the alias sg for the library sqlglot, as we need to use several different functions in this package. simplify View Source. 7 8 Assuming the schema is all lower case, this essentially makes identifiers case-insensitive. 18 def pushdown_projections (expression, schema = None, remove_unused_selections = True): 19 """ 20 Rewrite sqlglot AST to remove unused columns projections. For example, let's take the conversion of strings to timestamps. This can help catch errors early, such as incorrect data types or unexpected null sqlglot is a hand-written generic parser that does not cover the entirety of Databricks SQL dialect. Name Description; equals: Return whether other is equal to self. 2 Write to a Parquet file Comparing dbt with SQLMesh is another one, where SQLMesh understands plus parses the SQL with SQLGlot to get a semantic understanding of what the SQL does, For example, the browser runs the code from Craigslist from 1995, and it's only possible to this day because HTML is declarative. – Gregg Lind. It aims to read a wide variety of SQL inputs and output syntactically and semantically correct SQL in the targeted dialects. Examples. Below is an example: This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override 336 any projection aliases in the subquery. py file in the project’s macros directory. a FROM x) CROSS JOIN y") >>> merge_subqueries (expression). As an added benefit, I've also fixed some examples that failed due to import errors. A AS A FROM "Foo". 337 338 For example, 339 WITH y(c) AS (340 SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 341) SELECT c FROM y; 342 343 will be rewritten as 344 345 WITH y(c) AS (346 SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0 347) SELECT c FROM Rewrite sqlglot AST to merge derived tables into the outer query. should be converted to. htmlResources What Is a SQL Dial Expression: 9 """ 10 Expand lateral column alias references. xyz(yyyy)} For the What is SQLGlot ? Quick Start Guide GH https://github. Build the lineage graph for a column of a SQL query. That’s where SQLGlot shines. import sqlglot import sqlglot. optimizer import RULES as RULES, optimize as optimize 4 from sqlglot. With SQLGlot, you can take a SQL query targeting a warehouse such as Snowflake and seamlessly run it in CI on mock Python data. a + 1 AS b, b + 1 AS c FROM x" 17 >>> expression = sqlglot. EXISTS: key exists in trie Wanted to give sqlglot a shoutout as it saved me a ton of time. It then uses ast 's sql() method to generate the function in Bigquery, DuckDB, PostgreSQL, For all my examples in this article, I will use the alias sg for the library sqlglot, as we need to use several different functions in this package. Returns: The resulting column type. dataset. Dbt and sqlmesh are examples of this. Here is a snippet of code that should help you get started. sql(pretty=True) Examples Expression: 135 """ 136 Replace references to select aliases in GROUP BY clauses. Here is the example of sql: -- input SQ You can now run initialization commands upon container startup by setting environment variable: INIT_SQL_COMMANDS to a string of SQL commands separated by semicolons - example value: SET threads = 1; SET memory_limit = '1GB';. So, the final query should become: Rewrite a sqlglot AST into an optimized form. You signed out in another tab or window. optimizer View Source. recipeID = rc. Commented Sep 9, However, it should be noted that SQL validation is not SQLGlot’s goal, so some syntax errors may go unnoticed. It's easy to mock data and create arbitrary UDFs This example uses the SQLGlot function parse_one to parse the BigQuery dialect's parse_timestamp() function into the ast object. scope import (5 Scope as Scope, 6 build_scope as build_scope, 7 find_all_in_scope as find_all_in_scope, 8 find_in_scope as find_in_scope, 9 traverse_scope An easily customizable SQL parser and transpiler 1 from sqlglot. schema import Schema, ensure_schema 16 from SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. parse The integration of SQLGlot with large language models (LLMs) represents a significant advancement in how we interact with structured data. For example, date/time functions vary from dialects and can be hard to deal with. parse_one(sql) for join in node. {table: {col: type}} 2. Possible values are sqlglot is such an project, which can help you “translate” for example SQL written in Hive to Presto. scope import ScopeType, find_in_scope, traverse_scope 4 5 6 def unnest_subqueries (expression): 7 """ 8 Rewrite sqlglot AST to convert some predicates with subqueries into joins. sample-sql SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. errors import ErrorLevel, ParseError, concat_messages, merge_errors 9 from sqlglot. com/tobymao/sqlglot?tab=readme-ov-fileDocs https://sqlglot. For 52 example, given SQL is a big language with a complicated grammar that varies significantly between database vendors. Core data linking algorithms are Splink 2. parse_one("SELECT col FROM tbl") 34 >>> qualify_columns(expression, schema). MINOR. I reached out to folks and found very few using DuckDB except in a few special cases. This metadata can return column and table names from your supplied SQL query. This example shows the equivalent of the Jinja macro in Example 9. At a minimum, you can use it to nicely format your SQL queries. expand_alias_refs: Whether to expand references to aliases. 👋 Hi, I’m Poom, founder at Datascale — building SQL+Metadata modeling tool!. g. recipeID LEFT OUTER JOIN Contribute to th368/sqlglot-levenshtein development by creating an account on GitHub. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import datetime 4 import logging 5 import functools 6 import itertools 7 import typing as t 8 from collections import deque, defaultdict 9 from functools import reduce 10 11 import sqlglot 12 from sqlglot import Dialect, exp 13 from sqlglot. def(2 * days) to select * from table where date > {@abc. This can either be an instance of sqlglot. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 21 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto / Trino, Spark / Databricks, Snowflake, and BigQuery. Arguments: column: The column to build the lineage for. transpile ("SELECT EPOCH_MS(1618088028295)", read = 'duckdb', write = 'hive') SQLGlot is a no-dependency SQL parser, transpiler, optimizer, and engine. Scenarios like duplicate code detection, code refactor. Backends can implement transpilation and or dielct steps to further transform the SQL if needed Building docs You signed in with another tab or window. You can find a complete source code in the diff. Find and fix vulnerabilities Examples: select * from A union select * from B union select * from C should be parsed to exp. JavaScript; Python; Go; Code Examples For example: import sqlglot from sqlglot. These are the top rated real world Python examples of sqlglot. JSONPathRoot'>: For example, this is in Spark v3. my_view AS Arguments: trie: The trie to be searched. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import typing as t 4 5 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 6 from sqlglot. ` text_table ` ( schema => ' inline=(col1 date properties {`drill. py module. By wrapping SQL commands into a series of Python APIs, we can leverage the capabilities of LLMs to generate SQL queries and modifications seamlessly. sql 'SELECT x. transform(unalias_group). 5 def expand_multi_table_selects (expression): 6 """ 7 Replace multiple FROM expressions with JOINs. select a, b, c from some_table. expressions. specification. This is a necessary step for most of the optimizer's rules to work; do not set to Edit on GitHub sqlglot. dialect import (9 Dialect, 10 NormalizationStrategy, 11 arg_max_or_min_no_count, 12 binary_from_function, 13 date_add_interval_sql, 14 Python macros can return either strings or SQLGlot expressions that SQLMesh incorporates into the query’s semantic representation. You switched accounts on another tab or window. b FROM y) AS y ON x. For views it's not an issue Write better code with AI Security. executor. Instead of manually specifying dependencies, you declare them in your code and the transformation framework works it out for you. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 import typing as t 3 import datetime 4 from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens 5 from sqlglot. find_all For example when a nested query is refactored into a common table expression (CTE), this kind of change doesn’t have any functional impact on either a query or its outcome. key: The target key. sql() 13 'SELECT a FROM z' 14 15 1 from sqlglot import exp 2 3 4 def lower_identities (expression): 5 """ 6 Convert all unquoted identifiers to lower case. dialect import For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. text("this") My use case is to parse For example, if we had a query like SELECT * FROM table WHERE foo = bar, we knew foo and bar were columns in table. The MINORversion is incremented when there are backwards-incompatible fixes or feature additions. 1 from __future__ import annotations 2 3 import logging 4 import re 5 import typing as t 6 from collections import defaultdict 7 from functools import reduce, wraps 8 9 from sqlglot import exp 10 from sqlglot. by respecting 25 case-sensitivity). transpile(), but they only lowercase identifiers and function names. I think SQLGlot has the potent 1 import itertools 2 3 from sqlglot import expressions as exp 4 from sqlglot. All Python macros take evaluator as the first argument. helper import apply_index_offset, ensure_list, seq_get 10 from sqlglot. helper Ibis 9. expressions import DATA_TYPE 7 from sqlglot. catalog: Default catalog name for tables. We surveyed a lot of SQL parsers and found that SQLGlot was best suited for our needs. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 24 different dialects like DuckDB, The example below showcases the execution of a query that involves aggregations and joins: To give an example of what can be done with SQLGlot, I’ll share a CI test that I created to stop people from using ‘SELECT *’ when reading from a table/view. SQLLineage also falls into this category. parse_one("SELECT 1 FROM tbl") 31 >>> qualify_tables(expression, db="db") Rewrite sqlglot AST to have fully qualified tables. The PATCHversion is incremented when there are backwards-compatible fixes or feature additions. Union - left: select * from A - right: select * from B - right: select * from C For example, in our plot. Here are a couple of example from the sql-metadata github readme: >>> sql_metadata. Now, I have some additional filters which are coming dynamically from the user. indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. It aims to read a wide variety of SQL inputs and output syntatically correct SQL in the targeted dialects. helper import (8 ensure_list, 9 is_date_unit, 10 is_iso_date, 11 is_iso_datetime, 12 seq_get, 13) 14 from sqlglot. Arguments: table: the source table. def(2 * days). For Edit on GitHub sqlglot. sep: The value to use to split on. , =), into tokens. I'v tried to use build_scope() for AST of update statement, but it returns None. parse_one (original Would you be interested in making the code examples in the docs interactive for better understanding? Here is what it could look like: Try SQLGlot in Y minutes. normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. args["joins"]: table = join. It can be used to format SQL or translate between 19 different dialects like DuckDB , Presto , Spark , For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. For example, the VAR token is used to represent the identifier b, whereas the EQ token is used to represent the "equals" operator. parse_one("SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY b"). Given a version number MAJOR. dialect import (7 binary_from_function, 8 build_formatted_time, 9 is_parse_json, 10 pivot_column_names, 11 rename_func, 12 trim_sql, 13 unit_to_str, 14) 15 from sqlglot. However, the queries are designed to work with DuckDB and PostgreSQL, for any other databases, we rely on a transpilation process that converts our FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func. The package can be used to format SQL or translate between 19 different dialects like DuckDB, Presto, Spark, Snowflake, and BigQuery. "old_q": "int"}, } optimized = optimize (sqlglot. DataType type of a column in the schema. parse short query 100x sqlglot vs nodejs sqlglot 50ms node-sql-parser 119ms EDIT: I got a rust lib to Hi, first of all, great library! Really appreciate the hard work going into this 👍 I noticed the Athena and Trino dialects struggle with the date_trunc execution. The above example demonstrates how certain parts of the base Dialect class can be overridden to match a different specification. I found DuckDB to be very slow, compared to say Polars for example and a barely glorified version of SQLite. and other advanced SQL constructs. scope: A pre-created scope to use instead. sql() 19 'SELECT * FROM x JOIN z ON x. 11 Convert correlated or Python parse_one - 19 examples found. Union - left: exp. dialect: the SQL dialect that will be used to parse table if it's a string. Join constructs such as (t1 JOIN t2) AS t In order to avoid creating countless AST nodes to represent these different traits, SQLGlot chooses to define a standardized AST which unifies similar concepts across dialects. Arguments: value: The value to be split. max_: stop early if count exceeds this. This saves a LOT of time and is a more pleasant developer experience. Python SQL Parser and Transpiler. exp. upirpq guzimi pqxl dnxqf xjgcz eqpgzbn bxodqz cay perry yukryg